STOCKHOLM Women's Balenciaga Triple S Low Top Black White Red For Sale , July 11 (Xinhua) -- Researchers at the Swedish Karolinska Institutet (KI) and their U.S. colleagues have found a new tool that can show differences in human immune systems, according to a press release from KI on Tuesday.
According to the release, researchers have developed a way to measure the unique composition of white blood cells in individuals. The test may predict how individuals will respond to a given treatment, such as how they respond to an influenza vaccine.
Immune system function varies significantly between individuals, and up to now there has been no effective means of measuring and describing these differences. Now Balenciaga Triple S Low Top Grey Red Blue For Sale , KI researchers have shown that white blood cell composition in people is unique, and that the composition of these cells may predict the immune system's response to various forms of stimulation. The study paves the way for more individualised treatment of diseases involving the immune system, like allergies and various forms of cancer.
"By measuring all populations of white blood cells in the blood at the same time, we can describe the composition of an individual's immune system and show that this is unique for the individual. We call this measure the individual's 'immunotype'. We have also found that this immunotype makes the complex immune system more understandable and predictable," said Petter Brodin Off White x Nike Air Vapormax Black For Sale , physician and researcher at the Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab) and the Department of Medicine, Solna, at KI.
A human immunotype is not constant, but varies over time in response to external factors. In previous studies, Brodin and his colleagues have shown that in humans Off White x Nike Air Vapormax White For Sale , individual differences in immune defense can be attributed primarily to the many different environmental factors unique to each individual, such as diet, infections, vaccines and microflora.
In the current study, researchers analysed blood samples from approximately 1 Off White x Nike Air Max 97 Black For Sale ,500 healthy individuals and tested in vitro how their white blood cells responded to different stimuli. They have also vaccinated individuals against influenza and studied which antibody protection the individuals developed thereafter. What happened was that all the different types of stimulation could be predicted based on the individual's immunotype, which was surprising, according to Brodin.
"Our technique can be scaled up, and my hope is that eventually it will be used clinically to predict those individuals who may benefit from a particular immunological treatment or a certain vaccine. The technique may also contribute to more individualised drugs to treat autoimmune disease and allergies, as well as immunotherapy to treat cancer Off White x Nike Air Max 97 Virgil Abloh White For Sale , which can be adapted based on the individual's immune response," said Brodin.
The study, conducted by researchers at KI and the SciLifeLab, together with their colleagues at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Stanford University in the United States, was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS).
KI is one of the world's leading medical universities.
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LONDON - The men's World Cup could be played "sooner rather than later" on artificial turf, FIFA said Wednesday in the latest defense of its decision not to stage the 2015 women's tournament in Canada on grass.
World football's governing body is on the defensive after a discrimination case was launched by some female players, who claim that men would never be asked to play matches at the sport's biggest event on anything but real grass.
But FIFA Secretary General Jerome Valcke maintains that the Canadian climate - and not gender - was behind the decision on the playing surface.
"It would be very difficult to ensure solid natural-grass pitches at all venues Men's Off White x Air Jordan 1 The Ten For Sale ," Valcke said in an interview with FIFA's website. "This is not a question of money, or of differences between men's and women's events, but it is a matter of the natural conditions in Canada: we want to guarantee consistent top-level playing conditions for all 24 teams during the event."
Valcke pointed to the FIFA rules permitting any tournament to be played on artificial grass if it is of the "highest quality" and used at every venue.
"It could well be that sooner rather than later the men's World Cup will also be played on artificial pitches," Valcke said.
FIFA turf consultant Eric Harrison said the severe Canadian winter made artificial turf more suitable to that climate.
"During the long winter months, the natural turf is dormant and only can begin the recovery process after winter is over Men's OFF white x Fragment Design Air Jordan 1 Black Blue For Sale ," Harrison said on FIFA's website.
"The effects of frost ... can leave many natural turf surfaces uneven, requiring extensive re-leveling," he added. "Often, it is not until JulyAugust that the natural turf has recovered sufficiently to be deemed to be in optimum condition."
Hampton Dellinger, the attorney for the female players who filed the gender-equity case in Canadian court Off White x Nike Air Presto Virgil Abloh Black For Sale , pointed out that the next two World Cups _ Russia in 2018 and Qatar in 2022 _ will be played on natural grass.
He said that Valcke's climate argument "is astounding given that Russia and Qatar boast their own equally, or even more, difficult weather conditions. The natural grass pitch at BMO Field in Toronto certainly appears to do just fine during the summer months when the World Cup is staged."
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