Hyperspectral imaging technology confirms that Jefferson originally called the American public "subjects" in the Declaration of Independence, then changed it to "citizens." (AP) It's a badly kept secret among scholars of American history that nothing much really happened on Thursday, July 4, 1776. Although this date is emblazoned on the Declaration, the Colonies had actually voted for independence two days earlier; the document wasn't signed until a month later. When John Adams predicted that the "great anniversary festival" would be celebrated forever, Dt5FW6a9x from one end of the continent to the other, he was talking about July 2. Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration almost singlehandedly. He wrote it. The committee went over it and made several changes, and then submitted it to the Congress where it was debated and more changes were made. Of what you may not be aware is that Thomas Jefferson, a slaveholder, abolished slavery in the first draft of the Declaration of Independence. Jefferson knew intellectually, even if he himself were violating this point, that it was a very difficult thing to proclaim liberty and hold others in bondage. So his intent was to abolish slavery but the southern states would not hear of such an abolition and in order to gain their support for the Declaration of Independence, the abolition of slavery was removed. When you read the Declaration, ponder it and consider it, it's really quite remarkable. Sometime during this Fourth of July holiday, you'll take the time to read it, ponder it, consider it, and remember what it says and the grand things it promises things that we strive to make true, even today. Independence Day is not only a day to celebrate the concept of American liberty, but to celebrate the great break which we represent from the previous monarchal history of most countries in the world. We were the first to say humankind had a right to stand up and chart its own destiny absent the rule of a king, a queen, a strong person or a despot, that individuals had a right to determine their own future and that right was given to them at birth by the Creator, as the framers put it, or by the order of nature, by which other framers abided. We don't realize this today because we were born and raised into an environment of self government here in the United States. We have no idea what an incredible break with history the Declaration of Independence is. It was the perfect thing for scholars to assert in the Age of Reasons. Also worth noting that grows out of the Declaration is one of the greatest coincidences in all of history. John Adams and Thomas Jefferson both served on the five member committee that was drafted by the Continental Congress to write the Declaration of Independence. Jefferson and Adams would become politically estranged over their life. They were good friends. Then they became separated by their political beliefs. They restored their friendship as they grew older and they maintained a lively correspondence. On the Declaration's 50th anniversary, Jul 24, 1826, both men died. Same day. Adams, on his deathbed, said that he did not fear for the fate and future of the Republic because the other lived on. Of course, what he couldn't have known is that Jefferson had died hours earlier. Dates that truly made a difference aren't always the ones we know by heart; frequently, they've languished in dusty oblivion. What follows obscure as some are changed American history. (In some cases, they are notable for what didn't happen rather than what did.) This list is quirky rather than comprehensive, and while historians may argue endlessly about causes and effects many even question the idea that any single day can alter the course of human events these examples show that destiny can turn on a slender pivot, and that history often occurs when nobody is watching. So next year, remember to say happy Second of July. On this evening, Thomas Jefferson invited Alexander Hamilton and James Madison to dinner at his rented house on Maiden Lane in Lower Manhattan. In the course of the night, Jefferson recalled, they brokered one of the great political deals in American history. Under the terms of the arrangement, the national capital would be situated on the Potomac, and the federal government would agree to take on the enormous war debts of  cheap jerseys the 13 states. Had that meal never taken place, New York might still be the nation's capital. But even more important, the primacy of the central government might never have been established, says Ron Chernow, the Hamilton biographer. "The assumption of state debts was the most powerful bonding mechanism of the new Union," he says. "Without it, we would have had a far more decentralized federal system." April 19, 1802: Mosquitoes Win the West Events that change America don't always occur within our borders. Consider the spring of 1802. Napoleon had sent a formidable army under his brother in law, General Charles Leclerc, to quell the wholesale nfl jerseys rebellion of former slaves in Haiti. On April 19, Leclerc reported to Napoleon that the rainy season had arrived, and his troops were falling ill. By the end of the year, almost the whole French force, including Leclerc himself, were dead wholesale nfl jerseys of mosquito borne yellow fever. When Napoleon realized his reconquest had failed, he abandoned hopes of a New World empire, and decided to sell the Louisiana Territory to the United States. "Across a huge section of the American heartland, from New Orleans up through Montana, they ought to build statues to Toussaint L'Ouverture and the other heroes of the Haitian Revolution," says Ted Widmer, director of the John Carter Brown Library at Brown University. Jan 12, 1848: An Ill Advised Speech His timing couldn't have been worse: With the Mexican War almost won, a freshman congressman rose to deliver a blistering attack on President Polk and his "half insane" aggressive militarism. Almost from the moment he sat down again, the political career of Representative Abraham Lincoln seemed doomed by the antiwar stand he had taken just when most Americans were preparing their victory celebrations. Yet that speech saved Lincoln. Lincoln's early faux pas also taught him to be a pragmatist, not just a moralist. "If he had been successful in the 1840's, the Lincoln of history the Lincoln who saved the Union would never have existed," Mr. Shenk says. Feb 15, 1933: The Wobbly Chair Had Roosevelt been assassinated, his conservative Texas running mate, John Nance Garner, would most likely have come to power. "The New Deal, the move toward internationalism these would never have happened," says Alan Brinkley of Columbia University. "It would have changed the history of the world in the 20th century. I don't think the Kennedy assassination changed things as much as Roosevelt's would have." March 2, 1955: Almost a Heroine When a brave young African American woman was arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a Montgomery, Ala., bus, local and national civil rights leaders rallied to her cause. Claudette Colvin, 15, seemed poised to become an icon of the struggle against segregation. But then, shortly after her March 2 arrest, she became pregnant. The movement's leaders decided that an unwed teenage mother would not make a suitable symbol, so they pursued a legal case with another volunteer: Rosa Parks. http://bestofukraine.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=29201
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